Dmannose

Also known as: dextra mannose; mannose sugar; mannose epimer of glucose; dmannosio; d-mannose; dmannose; d-mannopyranose; common: waterfall d-mannose; rarely: carubinose; seminose; mistakenly: monnose; manoose; mannosed; dmnanose; mansnose.

Not to be confused with: mannitol - a diuretic.

First identified in 1894 by German chemist Emil Fischer (1852-1919), mannose is an 'aldohexose' with the molecular formula C⁶H¹²O⁶. Fischer received the 1902 Nobel Prize for chemistry for his work.

Molecular Weight180.16
CAS Number: 3458-28-4
Beilstein Registry Number: 1564373
MDL number: MFCD00064122
EG/EC Number: 2223924

Mannose is a stereoisomer of glucose, sharing the C⁶H¹²O⁶ molecular formula, differing in structure only in a 180° axial orientation of the hydroxyl group at the C-2 position of the pyranose ring.

Interestingly, this molecular orientation exactly fits the mannose receptors in Type1 pili (fimbria) of the mainly gram negative bacteria that express pili in demanding conditions, such as E.coli, and Klebsiella. This has led directly to the medical/therapeutic uses of the glyconutrient.

Uses:

1. Antibiotics. Used in the manufacture of antibiotics by genetically modified bacteria, mannose prevents bacterial agglomeration and plate adherence.Few bacteria seem to ferment mannose, a making it a good separation solution.

2. Anti-viral & other effects. Studies are ongoing, esp. against HIV-1 . ^*

3. Anti-inflammatory. Macrophages have at least four different receptors that bind mannose, implying that the carbohydrate is vital for macrophage function. Mannose also stimulates fibroblasts to make more collagen and to an extent, proteoglycans, thus speeding up the healing process and reducing inflammation and scarring.

4. Therapeutic agent for urinary tract. Taken exogenously, d-mannose (the d is for dextra) is rapidly excreted into the urine and is found to take up the mannose receptor positions in the lectins of expressed Type1 pili in uropathogens present. Prevention of bacterial attachment is thought to play a major role in resistance to infection, so mannose is gaining in popularity both as a therapeutic curative and as non-damaging prophylactic to prevent recurrence of urinary tract infections. Advantages of mannose treatment instead of antibiotic treatment are that antibiotic resistance does not prevent adherence, and that most bacteria do not express pili in non-pathogenic mode, implying that mannose can leave friendly bacteria intact, whilst allowing pathogenic bacteria to be removed from the body through normal waste exit routes.

5. Suppliers of therapeutic grade mannose to the public: (link opens in same window) DMannose Suppliers Europe, UK & S.Africa

References:

McKenzie, E. J., Taylor, P. R., Stillion, R. J., Lucas, A. D., Harris, J., Gordon, S., Martinez-Pomares, L. (2007). Mannose Receptor Expression and Function Define a New Population of Murine Dendritic Cells. J. Immunol. 178: 4975-4983 [Abstract] [Full Text]

2. Lin, Y.-L., Lee, S.-S., Hou, S.-M., Chiang, B.-L. (2006). Polysaccharide Purified from Ganoderma lucidum Induces Gene Expression Changes in Human Dendritic Cells and Promotes T Helper 1 Immune Response in BALB/c Mice. Mol. Pharmacol. 70: 637-644 [Abstract] [Full Text]

Turville, S. G., Vermeire, K., Balzarini, J., Schols, D. (2005). Sugar-Binding Proteins Potently Inhibit Dendritic Cell Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Infection and Dendritic-Cell-Directed HIV-1 Transfer. J. Virol. 79: 13519-13527 [Abstract] [Full Text]

Gibbons, B.J., Roach, P.J., and Hurley, T.D., (J. Mol. Biol. 319:463-477, 2002.) Crystal Structure of the autocatalytic initiator of glycogen synthesis, glycogenin.

Cystitis and UTIs - A Different Approach - Bremner, John (2007) Online: [UrologyAdvice.com]

Linehan, S. A., Martinez-Pomares, L., Gordon, S. (2000) Mannose receptor and scavenger receptor: two macrophage pattern recognition receptors with diverse functions in tissue homeostasis and host defense Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 479,1-14 [Medline]

Pour commander en France :

www.dmannose.fr

www.apoticaria.com